The relationship between the ethical leadership of school principals and social adjustment of primary school students in 2018

Document Type : Quantitative Research Paper

Authors

1 دکتری تکنولوژی آموزشی و استادیار دانشگاه فرهنگیان

2 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه کردستان

3 کارشناس ارشد برنامهریزی آموزشی

https://doi.org/10.34785/J010.2020.828

Abstract

The role of school principals as ethical leaders in creating social adjustment of students is a problem that we examine with a quantitative approach in this research. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the ethical leadership of school principals and the social adjustment of primary school students in Aliabad katol city. Research methodology is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study is the 4th grade male students of primary schools in Aliabad Katol The sample of the study was 310 students. 284 students answered the questionnaire completely. The sampling method was determined by random cluster sampling. The data were collected through two tools of the standard social adjustment questionnaire of Sinha and Singh (1993) on the two-dimensional scale, and ethical leadership of Brown and et al. (2005) on the Likert five-dimensional scale. For data analysis, using SPSS software, Spearman correlation coefficient was used due to inequality of data variance and logistic regression. The results of the research showed that there is a direct relationship between the ethical leadership of principals and social adjustment (r = 0.34). Also, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that (R2 = 0.12), social adjustment changes were predictable by ethical leadership, which had the highest share in one of the dimensions of ethical leadership with the name of ethical person (β = 0.42). The results of this study show the importance of ethical leadership in social adjustment of students in primary schools.Keywords: Ethical leadership; Social adjustment; Ethical person; Ethical principal
The role of school principals as ethical leaders in creating social adjustment of students is a problem that we examine with a quantitative approach in this research. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the ethical leadership of school principals and the social adjustment of primary school students in Aliabad katol city. Research methodology is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study is the 4th grade male students of primary schools in Aliabad Katol The sample of the study was 310 students. 284 students answered the questionnaire completely.



The role of school principals as ethical leaders in creating social adjustment of students is a problem that we examine with a quantitative approach in this research. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the ethical leadership of school principals and the social adjustment of primary school students in Aliabad katol city. Research methodology is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study is the 4th grade male students of primary schools in Aliabad Katol The sample of the study was 310 students. 284 students answered the questionnaire completely. The sampling method was determined by random cluster sampling. The data were collected through two tools of the standard social adjustment questionnaire of Sinha and Singh (1993) on the two-dimensional scale, and ethical leadership of Brown and et al. (2005) on the Likert five-dimensional scale. For data analysis, using SPSS software, Spearman correlation coefficient was used due to inequality of data variance and logistic regression. The results of the research showed that there is a direct relationship between the ethical leadership of principals and social adjustment (r = 0.34). Also, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that (R2 = 0.12), social adjustment changes were predictable by ethical leadership, which had the highest share in one of the dimensions of ethical leadership with the name of ethical person (β = 0.42). The results of this study show the importance of ethical leadership in social adjustment of students in primary schools.Keywords: Ethical leadership; Social adjustment; Ethical person; Ethical principal
The role of school principals as ethical leaders in creating social adjustment of students is a problem that we examine with a quantitative approach in this research. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the ethical leadership of school principals and the social adjustment of primary school students in Aliabad katol city. Research methodology is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study is the 4th grade male students of primary schools in Aliabad Katol The sample of the study was 310 students. 284 students answered the questionnaire completely.



The role of school principals as ethical leaders in creating social adjustment of students is a problem that we examine with a quantitative approach in this research. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the ethical leadership of school principals and the social adjustment of primary school students in Aliabad katol city. Research methodology is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study is the 4th grade male students of primary schools in Aliabad Katol The sample of the study was 310 students. 284 students answered the questionnaire completely. The sampling method was determined by random cluster sampling. The data were collected through two tools of the standard social adjustment questionnaire of Sinha and Singh (1993) on the two-dimensional scale, and ethical leadership of Brown and et al. (2005) on the Likert five-dimensional scale. For data analysis, using SPSS software, Spearman correlation coefficient was used due to inequality of data variance and logistic regression. The results of the research showed that there is a direct relationship between the ethical leadership of principals and social adjustment (r = 0.34). Also, the results of logistic regression analysis showed that (R2 = 0.12), social adjustment changes were predictable by ethical leadership, which had the highest share in one of the dimensions of ethical leadership with the name of ethical person (β = 0.42). The results of this study show the importance of ethical leadership in social adjustment of students in primary schools.Keywords: Ethical leadership; Social adjustment; Ethical person; Ethical principal
The role of school principals as ethical leaders in creating social adjustment of students is a problem that we examine with a quantitative approach in this research. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the ethical leadership of school principals and the social adjustment of primary school students in Aliabad katol city. Research methodology is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study is the 4th grade male students of primary schools in Aliabad Katol The sample of the study was 310 students. 284 students answered the questionnaire completely.

Keywords


Abbasian, A., Abolghasemi, M., Ghahremani, M., & Pardakchi, M. H. (2012). Investigating the Relationship between Distributed Leadership Style and Educational Progress of Middle School Students in Tehran. Journal of Leadership and Educational Management of Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, 6 (3): 85-108. [Persian]   
Akbari, A. (2009). Help adjustment, occupation and education. Tehran, Press Development. [Persian]   
Amani, R., Ghazanfari, A., & Bahrami., F. (2012). The relationship between attachment styles and social adjustment, Journal of Clinical Psychology and Personality, 19 (6), 15-26. [Persian]   
Boydak, O., Mukadder, T., Yavuz, O., & Ramazan, Y. (2017). Ethical Leadership Behaviours of School Administrators from Teachers’ Point of View. Foro de Educación, v. 15, n. 23, julio-diciembre / july-december 2017, pp. 161-184. 161 e-ISSN: 1698-7802.
Brown, M. E., Trevino, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2006). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing, Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97, 117-134.
Day, C., Sammons,P., Hopkins, D., Harris, A., Leithwood, k., Gu, Q., & et al. (2009). The Impact of School Leadership on Pupil Outcomes, Final Report: University of Nottingham.
Dhingra, R., Manhas, S., & Thakur, N. (2005). “Estabilishing Connectivity of Emotional Quotient (E.Q), Spiritual Quotient with Social Adjustment: A Study of Kashmiri Migrant Woman”, J. Hum. Ecol. 18 (94): 313-317.
Farzaneh, M. (2016). Investigating the effect of moral leadership on the development of the learning organization in urban high schools,  Journal of New Educational Approaches, 11 (2), 58-45. [Persian]   
Fathi, N., Shahmoradi, M., & Sheikhi, S. (2015). The effect of life skills training on mental health and individual-social adjustment of male students in the first year of high school in Shush city, Nema Magazine, Center for Medical Studies and Development of Army University of Medical Sciences. [Persian]   
Ferasatkhah, M. (2015). We Iranians: The field of historical and social exploration of Iranian people, Ney Publishing. [Persian]   
Ghadmapour, E., Zandkarimi, M., Sahraeibiranvand, M., & Gharalghi, S. (2017). Investigating the relationship between moral leadership and organizational silence with the mediating role of psychological capital among school principals, Journal of Family and Research, 35, 124-105. [Persian]   
Ghahari, S. (1996). Comparison of the prevalence of behavioral and harassment disorders and attention deficit, depression and pervasive anxiety in control children, deprived of father, veteran and father of Chalous city ", Master's Thesis, Faculty of Psychology, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Haidarali, H. (2006). Investigating the factors affecting the social adjustment of control and non-control students, the final report of the research project, University of Tehran.
Hallinger, P., & Heck, R.H. (2010).“Collaborative leadership and school improvement: understanding the impact on school capacity and student learning”, Journal of School Leadership and Management, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 95-110.
Hessel,I. (2013). "developing a virtuos aspect of leadership: a case study of the virtuos object approach to leadership development master thesis in education". University of Oslo.
 Hossini S, A., Niazazari, K., & Taraneh Enayati, T. (2019). dentification of effective factors on empowerment of schools with emphasis on social care system of students. Journal of School Management, 7(4),260-283.
Hoy, w., & Miskel, G. (2008). Educational administration:Theory, research, and practice. NewYork: McGraw-Hill.
Iwata B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman G. S. (1982). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 27:197–209.
Jabbari, G., Moradi, M. H., & Kazemi, M. (2016). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Silence and Organizational Commitment to the Mediating Role of Ethical Leadership in NAJA, Journal of Resource Management in Law Enforcement, 3 (4), 63-84. [Persian]   
Ramsden, p. (2001). Learning leadership in higher education, (translated by Abdul Rahim, Naveh Ibrahim et al., 2001). Higher Education Research and Planning Institute. Tehran: Damghan University of Basic Sciences.
Kanokorn, S., Wallapha, A., & Ngang, T. K. (2013). Indicators of ethical leadership for school principals in thailand. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 2085-2089.
Kanungo, R, N. (2001). Ethical values of transactional and transformational leaders. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 18, 257−265.
Karami, M,R., Mirkamali, S, M., & Pourkarimi, J. (2016). A Study and Explanation of Moral Leadership and Its Dimensions (Case Study: Employees of the University of Tehran), Journal of Government Management Mission, 7 (22), 17-34.
Khodayarfar, M. )2010). Preparing measurement scales for spiritual attitudes in Sharif university students [Dissertation]. Tehran: Sharif University of Technology.
Leithwood , K., & Wahlstrom , K. (2008). Linking Leadership to Student Learning: Introduction.  Journal of Educational Administration Quarterly. 44 (4). 455-457.       
Mary Basil, N. (2011). Ethnic Group, Age and Gender Differences in Social Adjustment of Teenagers in Nigeria, International Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(1);58-68.
Mascall, B., Straus, T., & Sacks, R. (2008). The relationship between distributed leadership and teachers’ academic optimism. Journal of Educational Administration, 46(2), 214-228.
Mazaheri , M.,  &  Afshar, H. (2009). Investigation of social adjustment of Egyptian children and adolescents (18-12 years old) in Isfahan in 2005. Journal of Psychological Studies, 5(3).103-116.
Men, L.R. (2015). The role of ethical leadership in internal communication: Influences on communication symmetry, leader credibility, and employee engagement. Journal of Public Relations, 9(1), 1-22.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A.J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447.
Mahmoudikia, M., Baharlou, M., & Arshadi, N. (2013). Relationship between personality traits and moral leadership, Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology, 9 (3), 1-10. [Persian]   
Mirhosseini, S, B. (2017). Investigating the Relationship between Social Emotional Learning and Emotional Creativity with Social Adaptability in Secondary School Students in Aliabad Katoul County ”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul County. [Persian]   
Mirkamali, S, M., Damavandi, M,I., & Elzami,E . (2013). Investigating the Relationship between Leadership Styles and Organizational Learning in Schools, Journal of Andisheh Novin Tarbiati Magazine, 11 (3), 68-47. [Persian]   
Møller, J., Skedsmo, G. (2013). Modernising education: New Public Management reform in the Norwegian education system .Journal of educational administration and History, 45,336-353.
Nabii, I., & Hosseini, S,H. (2015). Ethical Leadership in Educational Organizations, First International Conference on Educational Management in Iran, Tehran, Iran Development Conference Center. 11, (301-307). [Persian]    
Nasrisfahani, A., Ghazanfari, A., & Amerinasab, S. (2013). Investigating the Relationship between Moral Leadership and Employee Empowerment. Quarterly Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Imam Hossein University, 5 (3), 107-128. [Persian]   
Oplatka, I.. (2010).Historical analysis of educational management as Academic field. (Translation by Naser Shirbagi, 2018) Tehran:Asare Moaser.[Persian]
Qirmazi, K., Qaltash, A., & Ojinejad, A, R . (2013). The Relationship between Moral Intelligence and Social Skills with the Academic Performance of Students of Shiraz Nomadic High Schools, Journal of Educational Psychology, 5 (3), 70-87. [Persian]   
Rajaeipour, S., & Ebrahimi, F. (2007). Investigating the desirable indicators in the school management evaluation process from the perspective of high school principals and teachers, Journal of Leadership and educational management, 1(2), 87-100.
Rigby, K. (2001). Health consequences of bullying and its prevention in schools. In Jauna & Sandra, (Ed). Peer Harassment in school: the plight of the vulnerable and victimized. New York, NY, US: Guilford press.
Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2003). Synopsis of psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Shi, J., Xiaoyong, Xu.,& Yu, Fen. (2010). Ethical leadership and leaders' personalities. Journal of Social Behavior andPersonality; 39: (3), 361-368.
Shahraki, P, h., Shirmohammadi, R., & Naderi, K. (2010), A study of life skills training on the level of social adjustment of first year students of Al-Shatr middle school from the perspective of teachers of this course, the database of scientific information centers of Jihad Daneshgahi. [Persian]   
Shirbagi, N., & Hajizadeh, S. (2012). Investigating the Relationship between Leadership Style Features of Secondary School Principals with Teacher Empowerment, Journal of Leadership Quarterly and Educational Management, 6 (4), 81-99. [Persian]   
Siadat, S, A., esfahani, N., & Elahiari, S. (2010). Moral leadership in educational organizations. Journal of Cultural Engineering Monthly, 5 (45 and 46), 39-46. [Persian]   
Soleimani, Mansour. (2009). Social Skills Training, A New Approach, Journal of  Social Science Education Development, 21, 32-34. [Persian]   
Teymourzadeh, E., Bahadori, M, K., Mehdizadeh, P., & Yaghoubi, Maryam. (2017). The Impact of Ethical Leadership and Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment: A Case Study in a Military Health Organization, Journal of Military Medicine, 19( 5), 451-459. [Persian]   
Turner, N., Barling, J., Epitropaki, O., Butcher, V., & Milder, C. (2002). Transformational leadership and moral reasoning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 304-311.
Worchel, S., & Goethals, G, R. (1989). Adjustment, Pathways to Personal Growth, U. S. A., Prentic-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Zebardast, M,A., Gholami, Kh., & Nemati, S. (2015). The Effect of Pincipal Distributed Leadership Style on the Effectiveness of Schools on the Intermediation of Teachers' Motivation and Their Academic Optimism, Journal of Research in School and Hungarian Learning, 2 (7): 7-26. [Persian]    Tony Bush
 
Zhu, W. (2008). The effect of ethical leadership on follower moral identity: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Leadership Review, 8 (3), 62-73.