Representation of School administration by Narrative Research of The Internship Experiences in Schools

Document Type : Qualitative Research Paper

Authors

1 MA of Educational Administration, University of Kurdistan,sanandaj,iran.

2 MA of Educational Administration, University of Kurdistan.sanandaj,iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Management, University of Kurdistan , Sanandaj, Iran.

Abstract

the professional training of student teachers at Farhangian University is of great importance; and one of the essential guides in this regard is their school internship experience. The purpose of this study was narrative research with the aim of analyzing and representing different aspects of student experience in school students with an interpretive approach. Episodic interviews were used to collect data. Research potential contributors were people who had completed their undergraduate degrees at Kurdistan University of Culture and had at least one semester of internship experience in schools. Purposeful sampling was done. After interviewing 30 people, the data were inductively classified and analyzed based on thematic analysis using Nvivo10 software. The analysis showed that the internship experience in schools resulted in the development of teaching and classroom skills for students. Narratives have shown that student teachers can develop professional and communication skills by utilizing their school internship experience; these include the communication and collaboration of students, teachers, teachers and administrators in school activities, as well as individual and independent learning and teaching activities during school internships. The experience of internships in schools as a bridge between university and school led to the application of knowledge in the field of practice to students. The findings recommend that, given the importance and impact of school internships for students, teachers should be given more detailed curriculum planning to prepare students for this process by the Ministry of Education and the decision making process. Engage and guide this process by people who are already trained and skilled in the field.

the professional training of student teachers at Farhangian University is of great importance; and one of the essential guides in this regard is their school internship experience. The purpose of this study was narrative research with the aim of analyzing and representing different aspects of student experience in school students with an interpretive approach. Episodic interviews were used to collect data. Research potential contributors were people who had completed their undergraduate degrees at Kurdistan University of Culture and had at least one semester of internship experience in schools. Purposeful sampling was done. After interviewing 30 people, the data were inductively classified and analyzed based on thematic analysis using Nvivo10 software. The analysis showed that the internship experience in schools resulted in the development of teaching and classroom skills for students. Narratives have shown that student teachers can develop professional and communication skills by utilizing their school internship experience; these include the communication and collaboration of students, teachers, teachers and administrators in school activities, as well as individual and independent learning and teaching activities during school internships. The experience of internships in schools as a bridge between university and school led to the application of knowledge in the field of practice to students. The findings recommend that, given the importance and impact of school internships for students, teachers should be given more detailed curriculum planning to prepare students for this process by the Ministry of Education and the decision making process. Engage and guide this process by people who are already trained and skilled in the field.

the professional training of student teachers at Farhangian University is of great importance; and one of the essential guides in this regard is their school internship experience. The purpose of this study was narrative research with the aim of analyzing and representing different aspects of student experience in school students with an interpretive approach. Episodic interviews were used to collect data. Research potential contributors were people who had completed their undergraduate degrees at Kurdistan University of Culture and had at least one semester of internship experience in schools. Purposeful sampling was done. After interviewing 30 people, the data were inductively classified and analyzed based on thematic analysis using Nvivo10 software. The analysis showed that the internship experience in schools resulted in the development of teaching and classroom skills for students. Narratives have shown that student teachers can develop professional and communication skills by utilizing their school internship experience; these include the communication and collaboration of students, teachers, teachers and administrators in school activities, as well as individual and independent learning and teaching activities during school internships. The experience of internships in schools as a bridge between university and school led to the application of knowledge in the field of practice to students. The findings recommend that, given the importance and impact of school internships for students, teachers should be given more detailed curriculum planning to prepare students for this process by the Ministry of Education and the decision making process. Engage and guide this process by people who are already trained and skilled in the field.

the professional training of student teachers at Farhangian University is of great importance; and one of the essential guides in this regard is their school internship experience. The purpose of this study was narrative research with the aim of analyzing and representing different aspects of student experience in school students with an interpretive approach. Episodic interviews were used to collect data. Research potential contributors were people who had completed their undergraduate degrees at Kurdistan University of Culture and had at least one semester of internship experience in schools. Purposeful sampling was done. After interviewing 30 people, the data were inductively classified and analyzed based on thematic analysis using Nvivo10 software. The analysis showed that the internship experience in schools resulted in the development of teaching and classroom skills for students. Narratives have shown that student teachers can develop professional and communication skills by utilizing their school internship experience; these include the communication and collaboration of students, teachers, teachers and administrators in school activities, as well as individual and independent learning and teaching activities during school internships. The experience of internships in schools as a bridge between university and school led to the application of knowledge in the field of practice to students. The findings recommend that, given the importance and impact of school internships for students, teachers should be given more detailed curriculum planning to prepare students for this process by the Ministry of Education and the decision making process. Engage and guide this process by people who are already trained and skilled in the field.

Keywords


Almasi, H. A., Zareei Zavarki, A., Nili, M.R., & Delavar, A. (2017). Evaluation of the internship curriculum at Farhangian University based on the Tyler-centered TQM. Quarterly Research Base Study Research Papers, 5 (1), 24-1.
Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). “Thematic Networks: An Analytic Tool for Qualitative Research”, Qualitative Research, 1(3), 385-405.
Badrigorgori, R., Fathiazar, A., Hosaininsab, S. D., & Moghadam, M. (2010). The Impact of Reflection on Practice on Critical Thinking of Students in Tabriz Teacher Training Centers, Journal of Educational Studies and Psychology, 11(1), 189-210.
Berry, J. E., & Williamson, R. (Eds.). (2009). Performance assessment in educational leadership programs. Rice University, Houston, TX: Connexions. Retrieved March 11, 2011, from http://cnx.org/contentlco111122/1.1.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). “Using Thematic Analysis In Psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Brown, N. (2008). Assessment in the Professional area Context. Centerfor the Advancement of Learning and Teaching. University of Tasmania.
Brown, N. (2008). Assessment in the Professional Area Context. Journal of University Teaching and LearningPractice, 5(1), 88–101.
Bukaliya, R. (2012). The potential benefits and challenges of internship programmers in an Old institutions: a case for the Zimbabwe Open University. International journal on new trends in education on their implication,3(13), 118-133.
Bush, T., & Chew, J. (1999). Developing Human Capital: training and mentoring for principals, Compare, 29(1): 41-52.
Bush, T., Allen, T., Glover, D., Middlewood, D., & Sood, L. (2007). Diversity and the National Professional Qualification for Headship, Nottingham: National College for School Leadership.
Clandinin, D., & Rosiek, J. (2007). Mapping a Landscape of Narrative Inquiry; Borderland Spaces and Tensions. In D. JeanClandinin، (Ed.), Handbook of narrative inquiry; mapping a methodology. Thousand Oaks،CA: Sage Publications.
Cooper, C. L. (1998). Introduction. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Theories oforganizational stress, (1-5). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Crow, G. (2004). The National College for School Leadership: a North American perspective on opportunities and challenges. Educational Management, Administration and Leadership, 32(3): 289-307.
Daivid, A. (2006). Strategic Management (translated by Hossein Safarzadeh; Ali Akbar Farhangi & Mehdi Khademi) Tehran: Pooya's Message. (The original was published in 1999).
Dunhum, J. (1992). stress in teaching, 2nd Edition. Rouledge London.
Emam Jom’e, M., & Mehrmohammadi, M. (2006). A Review of Fully Teaching Approaches to Provide Teacher Teaching Curriculum. Course Schedule, 1 (3), 30-66.
English, F. W. (2003). Cookie-cutter leaders for cookie-cutter schools: The teleology of standardization and the de-legitimization of the university in educational leadership preparation. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 2(1), 27-46.
English, F. W. (2008). The art of educational leadership: Balancing performance and accountability. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
English, F. W., & Papa, R. (2010). Restoring human agency to educational administration: Status and strategies. Lancaster, P A: ProActive.
English, F. W. (2011a). Educational leadership at century's beginning: A continuing search for the philosopher's stone. Introduction in F. English (Ed.), The Sage handbook of educational leadership: Advances in theory, research, and practice (2nd ed., 7-13), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
English, F. W. (2011b). Caveat emptor: Buyer beware of some inter-agency and non-profit collaboration with neoliberal foundations and think tanks. Paper presented at the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration Summer Conference, Portland, Oregon.
Fardanesh, H., & Shaikhifini, A. A. (2002).Earnings on Structuralism in Psychology and Education, Human Sciences Quarterly, Al-Zahra University, 12.
Flick, O. (2000). The episodic interview: Small scale narratives as approach to relevant experiences. In M. W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative Researching with Text, Image and Sound: A Practical Handbook for Social Research (75-94). London: SAGE
Ghaderi, M., Nateghi, F., & Nosrati, N. (2016). A Guide to Providing a Theoretical Model for Internship Based on Models of Practical Knowledge and Perspectives.
Ghaderi, M., Nateghi, F., & Nosrati, N. (2016). The Guide to Providing Theoretical Modeling for Apprenticeship Based on Cognitive Intelligence Models and Joseph Schoev's View on Psychology. Selected Articles of the First National Conference on the Internship of Shahid Beheshti Campus, Farhangian University of Khorasan Razavi, 63- 89, Mashhad: Tamrin.
Gupta, N., & Jenkins, G. D. (1985). Dual-career couples: Stress, Stressors, Strain, and Strategies. In T. A. Beehr, & R. S. Bhagat Human stressancognition in organizations: An integrated perspective. Wiley, New York, 141-175.
Hadad, S., & Khorodh, P. (2016). Identify the opportunities and limitations of internship from the viewpoint of interns at Farhangian University.   Selected Articles of the First National Conference on the Internship of Shahid Beheshti Campus at Farhangian University of Khorasan Razavi, 4-6: Tamrin.
Hallinger, P. (2001). Leading Educational Change in East Asian Schools, International Studies in Educational Administration, 29(2): 61-72.
Hejazi, A. (2017). Internship at Iran University of Cultural Sciences: Challenges and Strategies; A Qualitative Study. Third National Teacher Training Conference, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shiraz University
Hobson, A., & Sharp, C. (2005). Head to head: a systematic review of the research evidence on mentoring new head teachers, School Leadership and Management, 25(1): 25-42.
Huber, S., & Imants, J. (2004). The Netherlands: diversity and choice, in S. G. Huber, Preparing School Leaders for the 21st Century: An International Comparison of Development Programs in 15 Countries, London: RoutledgeFalmer.
Huber, S., & Leithwood, K. (2004). Ontario, Canada: qualifying school leaders according to the standards of the profession, in S. Huber (ed.), Preparing School Leaders for the 21st Century: An International Comparison of Development Programs in 15 Countries, London: RoutledgeFalmer.
Huber, S. (2004). Preparing School Leaders for the 21st Century: An International Comparison of Development Programs in 15 Countries. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1985). A meta-analysis and conceptual critique of research on role ambiguity and role conflict in worksettings. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36, 16-78.
Jahanian, R. (2001). Study the education of the education staff and determine the desirable methods of training the personnel. Management in Education, 7 (28), 11-86.
Karami, Z., Seraji, F., & Marofi, Y. (2017). Curriculum for Narrative Research and Development of Students' Speeches at the University of Cultural Studies Pattern Design Course Syllabus. Journal Comment and practice on curriculum planning, 5 (9), 69-104.
Keramati, E., & Ahmadabadi, Z. (2017). Explaining the viewpoints of high school administrators and teachers about participating in an internship lesson; a phenomenological study. The Journal of Teacher Training at Farhangian University.
Keramati, E., & Ahmadabadi, Z. (2017). Explaining the viewpoints of high school administrators and teachers about participating in an internship; a phenomenological study. The Journal of Research in Teacher Education at Farhangian University, 1 (1), 101-125.
Kitavi, M., & Van der Westhuizen, P. C. (1997). Problems Facing Beginning Principals in Developing Countries: A Study of Beginning Principals in Kenya. International Journal of Educational Development, 17, 251-263.
Krsul, J. (2007). Qualitative Scope and Research Plan. Choose from five approaches.(Hasan Danaee Fard and Hossein Kazemi, translators.) Tehran: Saffar Publications.
LaBoskey, V.K. (2014). Development of reflectivle practice: A studyof preservice teachers. New York: Teachers College Press.
Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammonsm P., Harris, A., & Hopskins, D. (2006) Seven Strong Claims about Successful School Leadership. London: Department for Education and Skills.
Mathews, P. (2003). Academic mentoring: enhancing the use of scarce resources, Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 31(3): 313-34.
Mehrmohamadi, M. (2000). The Relationship between Research and Educational Practice. Quarterly Journal of Theory and Practice in Curriculum, 44 (1), 25-47.
Mehrmohamadi, M. (2011). Ministry of Education. A document on the fundamental transformation in education.
Moosapour, N., & Ahmadi, A. (2014), Macro Design of Teacher Training Curriculum at Farhangian University. Tehran: Farhangian University.
Oplatka, I. (2004). The principalship in developing countries: context, characteristics and reality. Comparative Education. 40 (3). 427-448.
Paul, T. M. (2013). Narrative Interviews: An Alternative Method to the Study of Mentoring Adoption by Information Systems Project Managers. Science Direct: Procedia Technologhy, 9, 638- 645.
Rao, S., & Perry, C. (2003), Convergent interviewing to build a theory in under-researched areas: principles and an example investigation of Internet usage in inter-firm relationships, Qualitative MarkeResearch: An International Journal, 6(4). 2003. 236-247.
Rauf, A. (2008). Philosophy of Teachers Profession Education, Educational research monthlymagazine, 117. [in Persian]
Rigg, C., & Richards, C. (2005). Action Learning, Leadership and Organizational Development in Public Services. London: Routledge.
Sadeghi, N. (2008). An Approach to the Professional Development of Teachers. Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, 38 (2), 49-69.
Sashkin, M., & Sashkin, M. G. (2003). Leadership that Matters. The Critical Factors for Making Difference in Peoples Lives & Organizations Success. San Francisco: Berrett – Koehler.
Seale, C. (1999). The Quality ofQualitative Research, Sage Publication.
Talkhabi, M., & Faghiri, M. (2014). Internship in Islamic Studies. Educational University of Farhangian University.
Tarighitaher, A. (2008). Problems and Issues of Short Term Teaching Teaching Courses in Hamedan. Non-published Master's dissertation. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran.
Tatari, M., Tajik, F., & Tatari, F. (2016). Evaluating and studying the position of internship curriculum at Farhangian University.   Selected Articles of the First National Conference on the Internship of Shahid Beheshti Campus, Farhangian University of Khorasan Razavi, 2-4:Tamrin.
Teacher Candidate Internship Handbook. (2015). Darden College of Education.
UNESCO (1990). Education for the Future, Regional meeting in Bangkok, Educational Research of the Ministry of Education.
UNESCO (2015). Science report, towards 2030. Translated by Esmaeil Yazdanpoor, research center of cultural, social studies of ministry of science, research and technology, [Persian].
Willis, J. W. (2007), Foundations of Qualitative Research, London, Sage.
Wortham, S. (2001). Narratives in action: A strategy for research andanalysis. New York: Teachers College press.
Xiuli, M. (2012). Student Teachers’ Professional Learning in Teaching Practicum, For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong.
York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 255-273.