Considering the Mediating Factor of Civil Right Observance from pre-School Teachers’ Perspective

This study aims to analyze the effect of traffic culture awareness on children’s social commitment to law considering the mediating factor of civil right observance. On this basis, three main questions are proposed:

Does traffic culture awareness have meaningful effect on social law abiding in pre-school children of Uremia?
Does traffic culture awareness have meaningful effect on civil right observance in pre-school children of Uremia?
Does traffic culture awareness have meaningful effect on social law abiding in pre-school children of Uremia considering the mediating factor of civil right observance?

Considering the nature and the purpose of the subject, this research could be regarded as practical and quantitative; utilizing the cognitive context for improving and optimizing the instruments, the methods and patterns are applied for ameliorating the current condition. Since the researchers attempt to find an answer to a real question in the process of this research, it could be claimed that it is a descriptive and non-experimental research considering the data collection and analysis methods, this survey research is conducted based on field method. The statistics population of this study includes 110 preschool teachers in Uremia province, Iran. Counting Sampling is used and the same number of questionnaires is distributed among statistical population; 105 questionnaires were sent back by participants which were analyzed. The data is collected in this study by researcher-made questionnaire which is extracted from “Teacher’s Workbook”,  “Annual Time Table of Teachers in Nurseries and Kindergartens” , “ Teaching Safe Traffic to Children: A Guidebook” , and “ Traffic Rules”. For estimating the reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire, content analysis method is applied considering the opinions of 8 professors and experts in the Educational Science Departments of Uremia Public and Azad Universities. This questionnaire included 36 close-ended questions which were graded according to 5-point Likert scale. For doing Factor analysis, it should be made sure that whether it is possible to use the available data for analysis or not. The KMO indicator was applied for verifying this issue. In order to confirm the questions, exploratory factor analysis, the analysis of main components method and Varimax rotation, was used. The results of the research proved that 6 questions out of 36 should be eliminated as their factor load was less than 0.5; for this reason, only 30 questions were applied in the final questionnaire. In order to examine the reliability of the measuring instruments, combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha method were applied. For all variables, the rate of the combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was over 0.7 which confirms the instrument reliability. In addition, for the validity of the measuring instrument, convergent and diagnostic validity (Fornell and Larker index) was used. For observing the ethics of the research, the participants were called and the purpose of the study was illustrated to them in advance. In order to acquire accurate and reliable information and to build confidence about the secret nature of the data, the participants got assured that the results are going to be extracted generally. Finally the questionnaires were distributed and the results were analyzed. On this basis, the descriptive and inferential statistics is used for presenting the findings.  The statistical indexes of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, etc. are used to describe the demographic variables. To realize that process, EXCEL software and SPSS are used to collect data and to make the database related to the research. In the inferential statistics level, PLS Smart software is used because of the abnormality of the data. The results of the analysis showed that the path coefficient of the traffic culture awareness on social commitment to law is (0.858), the path coefficient of the traffic culture awareness on observing civil right is (0.790), and the path coefficient of observing civil rights on the social commitment to law is (0.325). Considering the T value from data analysis which is over 1.96, the research questions were confirmed. The Z-value extracted from Sobel Test was figured 7.05 (more than 1.96). Consequently, it could be claimed with 95 percent certainty that the traffic culture awareness has meaningful effect on the children’s social commitment to law with mediating factor of observing civil rights. Also, traffic culture awareness has meaningful effect on social commitment to law and observing civil rights in pre-school children of Uremia. And finally, civil right observance has meaningful effect on social commitment to law in pre-school children of Uremia province. It could be claimed that the research hypothesis was approved, in other words, the data extracted from the research confirm and verify the theoretical model. Considering the results of the study which approves the positive and meaningful effect of civil right observance on social commitment to law in pre-school children of Uremia province and taking into account the results of the previous studies, it could be claimed that the civil right observance and social commitment to law, both have positive effect and if we teach civil rights to pre-school and elementary school students, these children will significantly respect the law. Regarding the results of the study, we could say that education aamong different social classes especially among children and teenagers. Therefore, the cooperation of police and educational science scholars shows the importance of this issue which necessitates the continuous and fundamental education for children. In this research, the effect of traffic culturalizing on law abiding and civil right observance in pre-school children was approved which shows that education about traffic culturalizing plays important role in respecting law and observing civil rights among children. It could be recommended that traffic culturalizing programs to be performed with the cooperation of home, school, and society, since it could not be regarded as the responsibility of the school by itself. The educational books for children with simple language about traffic culturalizing, civil right observance, and respecting the law could be beneficial. The educational books for pre-school teachers should be prepared as well.  The active participation of public and non-governmental organizations which are involved in the social, political, and civil education (like police, municipalities, NGOs, etc) should be provided for the health and benefit of the communities.